Before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran underwent significant modernization and Westernization under the Pahlavi dynasty, particularly during Mohammad Reza Shah’s reign. The Shah implemented policies ...

When trying to figure out what’s going on in the Middle East in general and the war in Iran in particular, I have relied quite a lot upon the works of Mouin Rabbani and Trita Parsi, both of whom have ...

When a coalition of “clerics, leftists, students, nationalists and secular intellectuals” launched the Iranian Revolution in 1979, they were united less by a shared vision than “a shared rejection” of ...