Electro-optical photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on lithium niobate (LiNbO 3) have demonstrated the vast capabilities of materials with a high Pockels coefficient 1, 2 . They enable linear ...

For decades, the dream of projecting a fully three-dimensional image into empty space has been constrained by an inconvenient ...

QAM is used to achieve greater spectrum efficiency. This is accomplished by utilizing both the amplitude and phase components to modulate, or alter, the waveform. In this scenario, the QAM waveform ...

Pulse density modulation (PDM) is a compact digital audio format used in devices like MEMS microphones and embedded systems. This compact primer eases you into the essentials of PDM audio. Let’s begin ...

Copper cabling has been the workhorse for moving data inside of AI and HPC data centers, but fiber is nipping at its heels. Optics brings three possible bandwidth multipliers — wavelength-division ...

We recently saw how certain audio power amplifiers can be used as oscillators. This Design Idea shows how those same parts can be used for simple amplitude modulation, which is trickier than it might ...