In the fantasy world of schematic diagrams, wires have no resistance and square waves have infinitely sharp rise times. The real world, of course, is much crueler. There are many things you can use to ...

[Paul] likes a precise oscillator. His recent video shows a crystal oscillator with a “watch crystal” and a CMOS counter, the CD4060. Using such a circuit can produce very stable frequencies and since ...

More undocumented applications for the 555 ‘oscillator:’ Not all applications oscillate as we will see. Most are knowledgeable about common CMOS logic inverters and Schmitt triggers such as the 74HC04 ...

In this Design Idea, we look at how electromechanical relays display hysteresis behavior that is surprisingly similar to the solid-state Schmitt trigger circuits, and how they can be used for many ...